The reality of the US Distillate situation.
As we’ve seen in the news recently, first starting with Zerohedge, before making it into more mainstream media types, such as Bloomberg and Tucker Carlson. There is a reported ‘shortage of diesel fuel’ and that we only have ’25 days’ worth of diesel fuel.
Let’s first get into what is classified as diesel fuel. Diesel fuel is part of the Distillate Fuel Oil family, that the EIA tracks. What is the EIA? It is the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Which provides independent statistics and analysis of all energy production in the US, this includes fuel oils and all refinery production. For this discussion, we’re looking at the distillate fuel oil numbers.
The EIA tracks nearly everything about distillate prices, from average nation-wide price, to broken down into the different PADD territories. PADD 1 through PADD 5. PADD stands for Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts.
PADD 1 – Broken down into PADD 1 A, PADD 1 B, PADD 1 C.
-PADD 1A is New England States
-PADD 1B is Central Atlantic states
-PADD 1C is Lower Atlantic states.
PADD 2 is Midwest – Ohio to Nebraska. Oklahoma, to Minnesota.
PADD 3 is Gulf Coast – New Mexico to Alabama.
PADD 4 is Rocky Mountain – Colorado to Montana.
PADD 5 is West coast – Also includes Alaska and Hawaii.
The five-year average for distillate stocks, has been approximately 130,000,000 barrels. A barrel is 42 gallons. Or approximately, a 27-to-28-day supply of distillates on hand. We vary, depending on seasonal demand, between 110 million barrels, to a high of around 140 million barrels, outside of the early COVID era, where we nearly crested 180 million barrels of distillates.
We have been trending down in distillate inventories now for the last two years, as of this week – 10/21/22 – we’ve reached 106 million barrels of distillate inventories.
Why are we trending down?
1.We’re exporting more than usual currently. Over the last five years, we have exported approximately 1 million barrels per day of distillates. (Barrels will now be shorted to BBL or BPD as barrels per day.) We are now exporting on average of 1.259m BPD of distillates. This represents a 25.9% increase since the Russian invasion of the Ukraine.
2.Refining capacity over the last 2 years has shrunk by approximately 1m barrels per day. In July of 2022, we had 17,962,000m BPD of refining capacity total. In July of 2017, we had 18,567,000 BDP of refining capacity. Peaking out in in 2020, at 18,976,000 BPD of refining capacity.
3.Our 5-year usage trend of distillate fuel consumption has remained statistically the same. We use approximately 4,000,000 BPD of distillate fuels.
-We produce typically more distillates than we internally consume. Our average production is 4,900,000 BPD.
Since we have increased our export by approximately 26% and our refining capacity is scaled back approximately 6%, we now are utilizing more distillate fuels than we produce, between consumption internally and external exports.
What does this mean? That we are not going to run out of fuel in 25 days. At current burn rate on average of 360,000 BPD, we would completely deplete our inventories in 294 days. There are some hiccups in the system, that could decrease this inventory number faster than expected.
We are experiencing some unexpected downtime at refineries currently. Recently, we had the BP-Husky Toledo explosion and fire. Husky Lima is still down, although supposedly going online for production soon. There are other refinery maintenance and closures planned for the end of 2022 or early 2023. Motiva Port Arthur, the largest refinery in the US, is scheduled to go down for planned maintenance soon.
What is the realistic number? If we keep the export volume up, with the decrease in refining capacity that is expected, along with the typical seasonal increase in demand, we would have about 130 to 150 days’ worth of distillate fuels in inventory. However, with big picture of economic downturn becoming a reality, that could once more extend that as we have demand go down, as prices go higher.
Refinery income levels have become profitable again, long term this could lead to re-investment into new capacity, however long-term CAPEX spending by major oil companies has been cut significantly. We also do have several dedicated refinery companies now, that could pick up the slack. Holly-Frontier, Ergon, Par Pacific and even Vertex now have refineries that could be expanded for further production of distillates.
There is certainly a rocky future, however it is not as doom and gloom as the media presents it to be.
Cited sources:
EIA Weekly distillate:
https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/weekly/distillate.php
EIA Weekly Supply Estimates:
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_sndw_a_epd0_vpp_mbblpd_w.htm
EIA Refinery Utilization and Capacity:
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_unc_dcu_nus_m.htm
EIA PADD inventories:
https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_stoc_wstk_a_epd0_sae_mbbl_w.htm