N=8000 is a very high powered study. I work in clinical trial studies. We might go out to 1000 subjects for a phase 3 study and that's a pretty big study to show efficacy compared to a placebo. Larger studies with more subjects are more to assess safety than efficacy. The null hypothesis is there is no difference between the study groups and we gather data to disprove that null hypothesis to p
I don't know enough about engines to develop criteria to assess if an engine has more meaningful wear than another engine. More empirically, for our thought experiment, if the control group has its oil and filter changed every 5000 miles and we have a group that changed the oil every 10k miles and the filter every 20k miles and we take both groups out to 250k miles, what differences will we see?