I lived in Europe for almost 20 years and still go there to visit on regular basis. I don’t need an article to tell me what my eyes can see.
Do you know how most of the houses and apartments are heated in Europe? It is water radiators that hang below the windows. That water is heated by a furnace, it used to be coal fired, but now it’s propane or natural gas.
That water is also used for showers, hand washing, dishes etc.
During winter hot water is simply a byproduct of heating your house.
The problem is that during summer, you don’t want to run the furnace just to get hot water. That’s where the small, point of use heaters come in.
In US, homes use forced air to heat and cool, that’s why we need separate water heaters.
A lot of new homes being built in Europe also implement forced air, so naturally they also need a separate hot water source.
But there is still a lot of old buildings and houses that use radiators.