This is all about the rate that chemical reactions take place with respect to temperature.
In general most chemical reactions will happen twice as fast for every increase of 10 degree C, (18 degree F); and of course half as fast for every decrease of 10 degree C, (18 degree F).
So if the average temperature that a battery in a southern state is exposed to is 20 degrees C hotter than a battery in a northern state you can expect the battery in the southern state to last 1/4 as long as the same battery in a northern state.
It is possible to reduce or increase the concentration of the acid used in a battery. If the percent of acid is made weaker the battery will last longer, the maximum cold cranking amps will be less, and the battery could freeze at a warmer temperature (which may not be a problem is some southern states).
In areas with colder winters the maximum cold cranking ability is more important than it is in southern states, and a stronger acid concentration may be required in order to get a higher cold cranking amp ability. However the colder average temperature can make the battery with stronger acid last longer.
So even though a northern battery may last longer because of the colder average temperature, if you used that battery in a southern state it may last a shorter time than the batteries that are designed to be used in hot average temperatures.