In a diesel application, it would depend upon the service/use factors.
If you used a straight grade 30w HDEO in summer, in a hot environment, in a truck that ran many hours, with very few start/stop cycles, then I don't know that I'd see the harm in using the straight grade. The multi-grade's biggest advantage is it's ability to flex with the temps at start up. However, that's a moot point if you're running long hours in a liquid cooled engine, as the "start up wear" is likely incidental. To the opposite direction, if one were to have a lot of short run, cold cycle starts, I would think the multi-grade would prevail.
And, we have a member here that ran 450k miles on his 6.9L IDI Ford on 30-grade LLG, until the truck was stolen. That ought to count for something. Of course, his OCIs were 4k miles, so that is likely a BIG contributor to the success of this example.
OTOH, the 10w30 really doesn't shear much, if at all, in most cases. And it has the current CJ-4 rating that the mono-grade does not (although I haven't checked recently). Heck, I use 10w30 dino Rotella in a lot of my equipment. I even use it in air-cooled L&G stuff, including my Kawasaki v-twin ZTR. I've never brought myself to do a UOA on these small sumps as the cost of the UOA far outweighs the OCI. It's in my 289 Mustang, my GL1800 'Wing, my Kubota, etc.
I guess the question becomes this; what does one expect to gain by using a mono-grade 30 over a 10w30? I have yet to see a 10w30 HDEO fail to perform. The multi-grades offer, overall, more flexibility with essentially no degredation of performance.
Bottom line; in a warm environment it probably won't hurt or help to use a mono-30 over a 10w30, presuming the API specs are covered. There isn't a reall "winner" or "loser" in this topic. It's the subtle distinction of micro-nuances that will likely never be realized in the real world.