That failure IMHO was perhaps engineering (lousy drawing(?)) surface finish not properly specified, or failure to follow the specification. GM probably has been asking the "5 why's? I imagine.
As our area's FTA and RCA specialist, this is in my wheelhouse.
I suspect it's likely not a design issue where GM suddenly decided to relax surface finish requirements after decades of knowing what works.
Far more likely IMHO is that a supplier with immature quality processes or people was never held correctly to the drawing requirements. The DQR was held, signed off, and they got through PPAP with parts that never met the actual drawing requirement.
There are lots of potential pitfalls with this. Perhaps a drawing was previously defined using Concentricity, and then since ASME y14.5 eliminated concentricity, they had to re-draw the drawing but with a runout spec and they didn't correctly translate the old concentricity into a new runout.
Maybe it was an old hand-drawing drawing and the Ra looked like an Rz.
A real quick story from the Cummins trenches on this one:
Over a decade ago, an engineering project was launched to dual source gears because the British supplier was maxed on capacity. A new chinese supplier was identified, the parts were PPAPd to the drawing. The project closed with an estimated $2.5m in value or so (IIRC).
About six months after it was first launched into production, we had a major geartrain failure at a prominent customer site. We'd never had geartrain issue before whatsoever.
Long story short, the British supplier had been fixing so many shortcomings in our hand-drawn, 1980s-vintage drawing that we had no idea our existing gears were far, far better than the drawing required in both metallurgy and geometry. The chinese supplier made the gears, they met the drawing and they failed catastrophically.
I think all told we spent $50m on customer issues tied to these gear failure. The mid-2010s was not a fun time to be in our large engine division. Komatsu and Hitachi were fit to be tied, and rightly so.
All this, with parts that "met the spec."
Lesson: you don't know what you don't know.