My tax plan has always been to tax everyone from the ages of 2X (say 21, 25, whatever) to 70 at their portion of a set of core government services. National Defense, International Relations, and Defense of the Constitution.
Do away with the IRS and put each member of the house in charge of collecting the money from his/her district by monthly, quarterly, or annual billing.
I would outlaw ALL tax deductions from paychecks, forcing the government to send tax bills and citizens to pay the taxes to their representative.
This would show them exactly what they are paying for, it would level the playing field, since everyone benefits from these core, constitutionally mandated federal services, and everyone would know who their congressman was.
EVERYONE in that taxible age group would pay the EXACT same amount as everyone else. No more taxing the "rich" at higher rates, no more giving free rides to folks who cannot or will not get a better job. No more taxing citizens for every federal government boondoggle. There will still be boondoggles, but a lot fewer.
For everything else federally, such as the FAA, the costs would be charged to those using the services. So those taxes would be charged only to those who use or directly benefit from those services, such as passengers or those who ship by air.
People don't neighbor any more. I believe a big part of this is because the federal government has stepped in to take care of folks and we now have a generation of folks who don't feel the need to do so.
Start cutting the net, let folks know that the government will ONLY defend the US from others. All that other stuff is rightfully yours, your states and your local governments job.
Look at the fallout from Katrina. The news was more about who was going to blame who instead of getting the job done.
So get the federal government out of the picture. People will still help, and it may even be more effective if Uncle Sam is only occupied with National Defense.