The search here is bad, but if you know how to work it, it can be somewhat useful.
The short edit time, I am fine with that. It allows you to fix a posting error, but not change a post after the fact.
No idea what the problem is to post (only took me one click after I typed this reply to post). Edit, click edit, edit the post, then submit. 2 clicks, same as every other forums.
UBB has most of the features you are asking about (galleries and such), but are disabled here. It cost money to use these features.
As for new posts, if the folder next to the sub-forum is yellow, there are new posts in that forum, with those posts having a yellow icon next to them. If no new posts, it is white. Active topics is similar.