Originally Posted by KrisZ
VWs diesel gate was not about protecting the public, if it was Takata executives would be in jail long time ago.
VW, however, was flatly refusing to back up EVs as viable and were opposed to the idea. And being one of the biggest auto manufacturers in the world, their opinion about EVs carried over to others.
Now look how their stance has changed 180.
As much as I like Tesla as cars, EVs are not the answer to a greener future.
Lest we forget the container ship industry:
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As more evidence points to the risks of burning bunker fuel, the global maritime industry is embarking on a major overhaul of its fuel supply. Starting January 1, 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will require that all fuels used in ships contain no more than 0.5 percent sulfur. The cap is a significant reduction from the existing sulfur limit of 3.5 percent and is well below the industry average of 2.7 percent sulfur content. Public health experts estimate that once the 2020 sulfur cap takes effect, it would prevent roughly 150,000 premature deaths and 7.6 million childhood asthma cases globally each year.
and:
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Roughly 70 percent of the maritime industry's emissions occur within 250 miles of land, exposing hundreds of millions of people to harmful pollutants. Yet cargo ships, tucked within industrial ports or cruising far offshore, are often out of sight, leaving the public oblivious to the health hazards posed by shipping emissions. Sulfur oxides (SOx) can harm people's respiratory systems and cause breathing difficulties, particularly for children, older adults, and asthma sufferers. Sulfur pollution also contributes to airborne particulate matter (PM), the tiny particles that enter the bloodstream and damage the lungs and heart. That can lead to heart attacks, aggravated asthma, increased hospital admissions, and premature deaths.
Chronic exposure to shipping-related fine particulate emissions results in about 400,000 premature deaths each year from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, according to a 2018 study. Among children, acute exposure to ship emissions contributes to roughly 14 million asthma cases annually, researchers from the United States and Finland said.
https://e360.yale.edu/features/at-last-the-shipping-industry-begins-cleaning-up-its-dirty-fuels
also from the same article, this "solution" seems a bit shady:
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Around 10 to 15 percent of ships are projected to keep burning high-sulfur fuels and install scrubber systems, which capture SOx and fine particulate emissions before they escape exhaust funnels.
Scrubbers allow companies to keep using cheap bunker fuel, but the technology can have drawbacks, beyond the high upfront cost. Some models require significant power and freshwater supplies to operate. The collected pollution must be neutralized and dispersed into the ocean or deposited on land.
This is a good slideshow presentation on shipping emissions and touches specifically on NOx on page 20:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-10/documents/yang_mobile.pdf
Compare these limits:
To the ones for trucks and busses:
Even a Euro I diesel truck from 1992 has half the NOx emissions of a modern Tier 2 compliant bunker burner.