I have always hand tightened, but I go by the directions, and make sure I get it at least 1/2 + turn after contact, and there are some cars that I can't get my hand around the filter good enough, and will add a little with a wrench. Taking off, I always use a filter wrench. To me it seems as if I can get it off with my hands it wasn't tight enough. Even in the old days when I had much more grip than now.