In both cases, the air-fuel mixture spontaneously ignites. In the case of regular knock, or spark knock, this occurs after the spark plug has already fired, but it occurs in an area beyond the normal flame front of the spark-ignited combustion, which results in multiple flame fronts and can cause shock waves. This causes a modest increase in peak cylinder pressures, and can cause piston erosion at higher engine loads, but does not cause catastrophic damage in a short time.How is “regular knock” and pre-ignition knock different?
Low speed pre-ignition, or LSPI, occurs before the spark plug fires. Peak pressures from LSPI tend to get a lot higher than they do from spark knock and it is much more damaging. There is also a tendency for LSPI events to occur one after the other for several combustion cycles. Sometimes a single series of LSPI events can destroy an engine.
On modern engines, spark knock won't usually be audible due to the engine's knock control, while LSPI can be quite loud.