If the engine has extreme oil loss to the combustion chamber, the catalytic converter will fail. The additives in the oil form a layer on the catalyst honeycomb and restrict flow, or the oil burns so hot on the honeycomb, it melts the catalyst honeycomb.
Pellet style catalytic converters fail for the exact same reasons, just imagine pellets melting instead of a honeycomb. Those kind of catalytic converters were phased out years ago due to high backpressure that drastically reduced engine power.
Not all catalytic converter failures are from oil getting into the combustion chamber. However, rapid oil loss is a very common cause.
Those oil deposits may have harmed the oxygen sensors as well.
The other thing I have been wondering... Have you had a compression test done to your engine? Low compression may indicate that piston rings and cylinder bores are so worn that they can't stop oil from entering the combustion chamber. In that case, an engine rebuild is a must.