Okay, so I finally got around to taking the OSB board off, which thankfully wasn't a full sheet.
Now the bad news. No wiring up there. None whatsoever. Turns out this is the section that is entirely under the extended roof portion, though from the inside perspective, it didn't appear to line up like that.
Now the troubleshooting. Breaker appears fine, and feels okay going from on to off and vice versa. On this circuit, are overhead lights, original fixtures in all locations, controlled by three different switches. There is the TV electrical outlet over the fireplace, powering all the AV stuff. I have temporarily brought in my 15 amp extension cord to run that off another circuit to keep the wife and kids happy.
Several other wall outlets as well, but of note, one powered the laptop's power supply, another powered a table lamp and cordless phone base, and another powered the wireless router, cable modem and printer. All these devices have been in use for years with no issues.
I got a non-contact tester and so far checked a couple of outlets. They are oriented so that the ground is at the bottom and the wide blade to the left.
Here, I've found something interesting. On the bottom outlet of one of several receptacles I tried, the tester is detecting power in the right blade. A lamp plugged in still doesn't work there. On the top outlet, both blades are showing power. Definitely not correct here.
My next step is to take receptacle covers off to locate any visually obvious problems, but if that turns up nothing, I am not sure where to go from there other than call an electrician.