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When the pump is in relief, it's still pumping oil.
Yes. Absolutely. The only amount of oil that isn't pumped to the engine is what allows it to maintain the relief setting. It's typically very little. Heck, if the oil is too thick, the relief port may not shunt enough of it and you can exceed the relief limit (as rpms increase).
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If the back-pressure is from the bearings and NOT from the filter (assuming the filter is immediately after the pump) then it is VERY possible for the relief on the pump to be open and still having a constant pressure on both sides of the filter media.
If the engine is fully enveloped ..I assure you that there's constant pressure on both sides of the media. It's just not the same pressure. It can't be.
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Under circumstances where the media does not impede flow, it is transparent to the pump/bearing/back-pressure/relief relationship.
If the pump isn't in relief ..then the media has absolutely no ability to impede flow. It's immutable. How can media stop a irresistible force? If there's no oil on the other side of the media ..or the oil galleries are empty, then you may see enough PSID to open the bypass valve ......BRIEFLY. Otherwise, if you're not in relief, there's virtually no differential.
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When the MEDIA becomes the restriction,
Again, how can the media restrict flow without the pump being in relief? 1 gpm is 1 gpm regardless of what you pump it through. The only thing that happens is that the oil will either accelerate or decelerate as the various passages (these can be the pores in the media) constrict or expand.
..and again, this can only occur out of relief (generally speaking) at start up where you've got no mass to push forward from the filter. Think of a bladder type material with holes in it. When you first try and pump anything through it ..it will bulg if there's nothing to shore up the other side. Once the discharge side is enveloped ..and the REAL outlet is providing a vastly higher restriction ..there will be no bulging since there will be very little differential of pressure. The vast majority of the pressure produced by oil flow is dissipated across the engine to atmospheric. The filter, in comparison, is not even there.
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and with the filter in bypass,
Again, outside of the brief "empty chamber" scenario ..just how is the media any more or less "restrictive" from one moment to the next to produce any differential to open the bypass valve?
That is, if the media presents enough restriction to produce back pressure between the filter and the pump to produce a relief actuation ..just what would change after the engine was fully enveloped? Under that scenario, even more pump output would be shunted to recirculation due to the additional back pressure of the fully enveloped engine.
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it is VERY possible for the pump to be in relief and the filter still be transparent to the oiling system and subsequently NOT in bypass.
I assert that this is NOT possible.
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You are describing the filter as a substantial restriction in oil flow.
I'm asserting that the exact opposite is true in the vast majority of conditions.
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This is not always the case.
I assert that it's rarely the case.
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We have a pump that, at 3,000RPM (engine) moves 7Gph at 60psi, which is the bypass pressure on the pump.
I'd say that you've got the wrong oil in there ..but we'll go with it. If you're operating above 3000 rpm, I assure you that you'll have some elevated PSID at the filter since you're relieving some of the flow
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Now, the bearing clearances are extremely tight on the engine in question and the pump will peg at bypass at 60psi at 3,000RPM, since it cannot force any more oil volume through the bearings at that pressure.
Then, again, you're using too heavy an oil ..but we'll go with it. It really doesn't matter whether your developed pressure "at volume" is from tight clearances or viscosity ..it all results in a back pressure generated by a given flow rate at a given viscosity through a given restriction. It's a triangle that's hard to avoid...
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Now we put a filter on it that can flow 13Gph.
Put one on that can pass 25gpm ...9 gpm ..whatever.
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Now, there is now way the filter is going to be in bypass in this scenario,
Sure it can ..but I don't believe I ever said that you're assured to be in bypass just because you're in relief. I stated that (typically) you're in relief whenever you're in filter bypass. When you're in relief, you are at an elevated differential.
Filter medias are restrictive ..some more than others. There's no two ways about it. What most people can't get through their heads is that ALTHOUGH (in our normal conceptual view) they are restrictive ..that they DON'T ALTER FLOW due to it ..because THE ENGINE IS SO MUCH MORE RESTRICTIVE IT DOESN'T MEAN SQUAT - UNLESS YOU ARE IN RELIEF.
Oil flow is like bumper to bumper traffic. You have traffic traveling at a given rate of cars per minute. You can go from a 4 lane to a two lane to a 22 lane highway ..and if you've only got a one lane outlet ..the lane changes are merely velocity changes ..twice as many cars (or whatever) traveling at half the speed (or whatever).
Most of us view flow like a water faucet or electrical outlet and automatically assume that any restriction will reduce output. They have a very hard time seeing a flow dictated situation where the product merely accelerates or decelerates depending on the effective allowance of the conduit that it's in at the moment.
This may illustrate it for you better. The flows here are identical.
Legend:
Circle: Pump
First choke: Oil filter
Second choke: Engine