Depending on the manufacturer, anywhere from 3 years to indefinite.
So long as it is stored unopened, in a semi conditioned space (ie never below freezing and never above 120°F), and the oil meets spec for the vehicle it is going in, then I have no issues using it.
I have used oil that has been sitting on my shelf for 10 years, and was 2-3 years old when I got it. While I don't have a UOA to show "everything is fine", as far as I am concerned, everything is fine.
Just give the bottle a good shake and pour it in.