Turbos are not new. GM pioneered them in gasoline cars with the Olds F85 and Chevy Corvair in the early 60's.
BMW had the 2002 tii in the 70's.
Porsche had the 930 Turbo in 1976.
GM had the turbo 3.8 Buick Regal in 1978, and the turbo 301 TransAm in 1981.
I bought a 1985 Pontiac Sunbird turbo new when I graduated from college, and drove it for 14 years. I learned high performance driving in that car, doing hundreds of autocrosses and dozens of track days. It wasn't without problems, though, but the problems I think were fairly bought because of the large amount of track driving. The original turbo failed when the snap ring holding the turbine housing to the bearing housing broke, and let the turbine drag on the housing. It went through two of the original-style welded-tube exhaust manifolds by cracking at the collector welds, and I finally fixed that problem by retrofitting the cast manifold from a later-spec 2.0L engine. The original cylinder head cracked between the spark plug hole and exhaust valve seat in the center two cylinders. I attempted a fix on this problem when I installed the replacement head by opening up the water holes in the head gasket for cylinders 2 and 3. Don't know for sure if it worked because I traded the car in at 166k miles, and it was still running fine.
Chrysler had many versions of the 2.2 turbo in the Omni, Charger, Minivan, etc. Chrysler pioneered the water-cooled bearing housing because their turbo was installed on the backside of the engine. On my Pontiac, the turbo was on the front side, right behind the radiator cooling fan.
Ford had the Mustang SVO and Thunderbird Turbo Coupe in the mid-80's with the strong and simple Lima 2.3L 4-cylinder.
Many lessons were learned by the OEM's on these earlier production cars, and I consider automotive turbocharging to be mature technology. Now turbocharging is being applied to downsized engines to give them comparable performance to large naturally aspirated engines in full-size cars and trucks.