I had a chance to finally bring this idea back from the dead. I experimented with this on my old Civic a long time ago but never really had the chance to study it very carefully. Fast forward to 2019 and I now have a 99 4Runner which I regularly take on offroad trips.
On a very dusty 50 mile ride I found that my new-ish OEM air filter was totally shot. This got me thinking about a foam pre-filter again. I picked up some thick UNI 65 PPI foam and some spray UNI oil. Keeping it simple I cut out a foam shape which the filter cartridge jams downward into the box. The edges of the foam fold up over the sides of the cartridge creating a seal. As the air comes into the box it hits the foam filter first.
Brand new foam next to the new paper filter
After oiling with Uni spray oil
After this point I drove the truck approximately 4000 miles. There were a few hundred miles of offroad driving, 200 of which were in the desert, but at no point was it particularly dusty.
Here's the filter taken off showing the inner surface that is up against the bottom of the paper cartridge
Flipped over to see the business end -- this is where the dirty air meets the foam filter. Clearly it has captured some stuff and the paper filter has remained very clean! Because the foam is jammed against the inlet tube you can see there are some dead spots but overall the surface is pretty evenly dirty. This means the air is able to flow pretty well underneath it.
After a wash in solvent, soapy water, and rinse with clean water
I drove a lot of long hills and stuff in northern CA during this 4000 interval. I noticed no power loss. That's saying a lot since I only have 150HP at best to begin with! I figure if I lost even a couple HP I'd be able to notice.