Worst case scenario is the crank hitting the oil in the pan, increasing windage and power loss. That's not damaging though.
An amusing story about overfilling. Years ago, my neighbor asked me if I would look into why her car wouldn't start. She said she added oil to it and now it won't crank over. Puzzled, I pulled the dipstick and oil came gushing out of the tube. I hastily shoved the dipstick back in. I removed the oil cap and oil was full up to the cap. She told me she opened the cap and didn't see any oil in there, so she kept adding oil until it was "full." She completely hydrolocked the engine in oil. I must've drained at least 10 quarts out of that engine. I put new plugs in it, and after some reluctance it fired up. It smoked up the neighborhood for a few minutes and idled awful but eventually cleared up. I then had a talk with her about how to properly check her oil. It runs fine now over 100k miles later.