Look at every evolution of "gain". They effectively, in the final analysis, end up being "financial fads". Now, unlike other fads (the hula-hoop, Frisbee, Mr. Bubble, Lawn Darts, etc.) where the vendors attempt to capitalize on the craze for profits and may be left holding a product that he has to throw in the discount shelf, here we have a sales pitch for a ponzy scheme. That is, something that is promoted and fostered that, when full public participation is realized, it's an assured loss. Meanwhile, the whole society is paying for the wagering speculation ..not just a few vendors of plastic junk.
Everyone's 401k money was in the market
Everyone's equity was in the market
So, when you "invest" ..the odds mandate that you must lose.
It's, effectively, a lottery. Has there really been any "real" growth that hasn't been offset by other costs or dilution?
This is really easy for me to see.
Now it surely can be argued that to NOT participate can be worse ..but that doesn't bely the flaw in the process. There isn't any "real" gain ..but rather attempts to avoid losses. You're competing for a larger share of a declining environment. Someone (many of them) are assured to lose more and more.