The API tests all of the oils that they put their Starburst and Donut symbols on. If you check a bottle of oil for these symbols before you buy it, you are assured of getting an oil that has passed a standard battery of tests that will protect your engine. Unfortunately, the API doesn't publish specific test results so that you can see which oils far exceed requirements versus ones that just squeak by.
If you really want to know what goes into getting API certifications on an oil, follow the link below.
http://www.api.org/certification-programs/engine-oil-diesel-exhaust-fluid/~/media/Files/Certification/Engine-Oil-Diesel/Publications/1509-16thAdd-10308forprint-2.ashx