Before you pour in MoS2, you need to make sure you shake the can for the stuff to properly mix into the carrier oil. otherwise, all you're doing is pouring the carrier oil into the engine. After a while, it can drop out of suspension, but this requires it to be sitting for quite a lengthy period of time.
Having spoken to Liqui Moly thoroughly about this in the past, the particles are fine enough to go through the oil filter - otherwise, they would just clog up the filter and it would be pointless pouring it in with the oil in the first place.
Once you pour the stuff in, it takes about 200-400 km for it to properly coat all moving surfaces. The surfaces will remain coated, but some MoS2 will remain in the oil. If the engine sits long enough, what remains in the oil will drop out of suspension and end up on the bottom of the pan. If you get a can of MoS2, pour the contents out without shaking it and look at the very bottom, you will get a clearer picture. This is harmless though, as it will end up mixing back into the oil after a couple of days of driving.