Not practically for the vast majority of motorists.
If high detergent oil is put in an engine that is dirty inside, it will turn black faster. If there is nothing to clean, it won't.
It doesn't necessarily mean the oil should be replaced when it turns black. It just means that the oil is doing its job. To really know when to change oil takes a few oil analyses, but most people don't want to take the time, money, and effort to do that.