I drove a 4Runner recently that pinged. But the temp gauge was just hitting the red zone. Otherwise I haven't heard ping in a while either.
Seems pretty obvious to me: if the car runs better on 89 (or 91), either by not pinging, not hesitating, or gets enough more mpg to recoup the cost--then run the higher octane. At some point some motors can build up carbon deposits which make them run differently than intended; or perhaps they were built prior to the ethanol invasion. Or otherwise have something amiss makes it only run 99% as well as it ought (some sensor slightly off, or maybe some timing chain stretch, or a little too much oil slipping past rings, who knows).
I know at altitude they do seem to run one or two octane numbers lower. Less dense air, so less peak cylinder pressures? Makes me wonder if they still have 91 octane for the turbo motors.
Finally, higher octane gas has less BTU's per gallon. Straight cut gasoline is something like 60 octane; they have to add stuff to make it higher. That stuff generally has less BTU's per volume. I've never heard of anyone using 91 octane in a motor that is happy on 87 and getting less mpg's, but it's theoretically possible.