Lots of people were experimenting with synthetic motor oils before 1972, some even using silicones, PAGs, and phosphate esters! Many engines and seals were destroyed, and many rumors circulated about these bad new-fangled oils. The significance of the 1972 date is that this is when a synthetic oil first passed all of the industry specifications and was entitled to be called API SE/CC. I'm sure some synthetic oils may have worked before then, but how do you define "worked" or "good" without standardized tests and specifications? The first PROVEN synthetic oil emerged in 1972.
I did not know Mr. Kohler nor can I find any references to him in the old books, but then my career in synthetic lubricants only goes back 37 years, well after 1953. That does not mean, of course, that he did not formulate a synthetic motor oil back then - synthetic hydrocarbons were certainly known and I imagine many fine chemists were working at it. But the proof is in controlled engine tests, not testimonials.
Regarding cam wear, this was seen in some engine tests where the engine was broken in with all ester formulations, and the polar esters competed with the ZDDP for the metal surfaces, slowing down the protective film formation. Such wear usually occurred in the first couple of hours of break-in, then stopped as the ZDDP won the competition. The only cases of excessive wear I saw from field engines, i.e. broken-in on mineral oils, was where large quantities of silicon (dirt) was present, as in the Houston police test. People at that time were pushing for 50,000 mile OCIs with 25,000 mile filter changes, and dirty engines were common. I don't doubt, however, that there were some cases of bona fide wear with some all ester formulations as the ZDDPs at the time were not balanced for ester basestocks.
Indeed synthetics started out with a very bad reputation as all of the oil and engine companies were against them. And who wouldn't be considering the crazy claims being made at the time. Mobil helped legitimize the name "synthetic", in spite of their leak problems with 5W-20s in old V8s. They were too early with respect to viscosity.