ECM is looking to make sure that number of crossings by the post-cat sensors is significantly less than the pre-cat ones. This implies that the converter is able to store the oxygen. A degraded sensor never switches fast, rather it becomes lazy. If front becomes lazy, then in theory computer could miss-interpret because then both pre-cat and post-cat would be switching similarly albeit lot slower. HOWEVER, when the front becomes lazy, the driveability will be affected severely and you will get code for the pre-cat sensor. If you have no other driveability symptoms and if the only code you get is P0420/P0430, then in almost all cases your converter has been degraded enough for the computer to throw the code BUT not enough to really affect your emissions. All the literature over web will give many papers where the actual tail pipe emission and the federal emission tests run on a car with P0420/P0430 came out clean.
- Vikas