There was 23.4 million registered vehicles in CA in the year 2000, probably close to 30 millions now. Newer vehicles are exempted from smog test for 6 or 8 years, but still pay smog fee when register, other vehicles need smog test every other year. Of the total 30 millions vehicles, about 10 millions vehicles need smog test every year at a cost of about $30-40 plus $8 certificate, the total cost to drivers is about $380-480 millions, there are thousands smog stations employ thousands technician just for smog test.
There was a talk about random smog sensors that can detect gross polluters that cost only tens of millions a year to run, but that one was shovel under the rug because it effects the employment of the thousands mechanics in the smog test industry.
There was a talk about random smog sensors that can detect gross polluters that cost only tens of millions a year to run, but that one was shovel under the rug because it effects the employment of the thousands mechanics in the smog test industry.